M.\u00d6. 3000’lerden itibaren M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Memfis, Thebes ve Abydos gibi \u015fehirleri, d\u00f6nemin en ileri medeniyet merkezleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l boyunca bu \u00fcst\u00fcn konumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fehirleri, M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n etkisiyle d\u0131\u015f istilalara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z hale geldi. Asur ve Pers istilalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Yunanistan, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, \u0130ran, Hindistan ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 fethederek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurdu. Bu geni\u015f co\u011frafyada farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri birle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla M\u0131s\u0131r’da \u0130skenderiye \u015fehrini kurdu. \u0130skenderiye, farkl\u0131 milletlerden ve dinlerden insanlar\u0131n bir araya geldi\u011fi kozmopolit bir \u015fehir haline geldi. Yunanl\u0131lar, Museviler, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, Babilliler, Fenikeliler, Persler ve hatta Hindistan’dan gelen Hindu ve Budistler, bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde burada kayna\u015ft\u0131. \u0130skenderiye halk\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenmeye olan tutkular\u0131 ve bilgiyi kutsayan ruh halleriyle tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderiye’de, bilge bir y\u00f6netici olan I. Ptolemaios Soter’in emriyle bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve m\u00fcze kuruldu. Bu kurumlar, d\u00f6nemin bilginlerinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sundu\u011fu bilgeli\u011fi sistematik bir \u015fekilde toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezler haline geldi. Me\u015fhur \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, en parlak d\u00f6neminde yakla\u015f\u0131k 400.000 par\u015f\u00f6men ruloya ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yordu. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphane, M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k birikimi i\u00e7eren eserlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00d6klid, Ar\u015fimed ve astronom Batlamyus gibi bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca, D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f’in etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ne s\u00fcren Sisaml\u0131 Aristarkhos’un ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n \u00e7evresini do\u011fruya yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde hesaplayan Eratosthenes’in eserleri de bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanede bulunuyordu. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneye ba\u011fl\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, ekip halinde bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme projeleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu. Bu ekipler, ekinokslar\u0131n presesyonu ve med-cezir hareketlerinin Ay’\u0131n etkisiyle olu\u015ftu\u011funu biliyorlard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 \u00e7izme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da ileri seviyedeydi. Bu zengin bilgi birikimi, Helen ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini besleyerek Atina, Roma, Assos ve Olimpos gibi \u015fehirlerin bilim, felsefe ve sanatta ileri seviyelere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderiye, ezoterik ve mistik bilgiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da zengindi. Kadim M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Horus dini \u00f6\u011fretileri ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n “Tanr\u0131, evren, insan” ile ilgili temel inan\u00e7lar\u0131, Thot rahipleri taraf\u0131ndan \u0130talya, Yunanistan ve Anadolu’dan gelen \u00f6\u011frencilerin daha iyi anlayabilmesi i\u00e7in Yunanca yaz\u0131larak kitap haline getirildi. M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n bilgelik tanr\u0131s\u0131 Thot’un Yunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Hermes ad\u0131na atfedilen bu \u00f6\u011fretiler, t\u00fcm dinleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri etkileyerek yay\u0131ld\u0131. Yahudilerin peygamber “Uhnuh” olarak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n “\u0130dris” peygamber, S\u00fcryani ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin nur mele\u011fi “H\u00fcrm\u00fcz” olarak bildi\u011fi Hermes fig\u00fcr\u00fc, t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetlerde \u00fc\u00e7 ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir: Birincisi, her k\u00fclt\u00fcrde t\u00fbfanla beraber an\u0131l\u0131r; ikincisi, t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde se\u00e7kin, bilgili, neb\u00ee veya vel\u00ee bir ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6sterilir; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ve en \u00f6nemlisi, t\u00fcm geleneklerde onun y\u00fcce bir makama (sem\u00e2ya) \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Hermetik felsefeyi i\u00e7eren eserler, M.\u00d6. 2. ve 3. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130skenderiye’de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu metinler, eski M\u0131s\u0131r’da kutsal alfabeyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f orijinal kay\u0131tlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 alfabelere \u00e7evrilmi\u015f kopyalar\u0131n\u0131n, k\u0131smen eski Yunanca ve Latinceye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fck p\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyordu. Bu metinlerin \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan ve ba\u011fnazlar\u0131n ellerinden kurtulabilmi\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki bilgilerin, hem \u00e7eviriler s\u0131ras\u0131nda hem de ba\u015fka nedenlerle bir miktar anlam kayb\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kilise taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilen y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra, bu metinlerdeki bilgilerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek korunabilmesinde, Pisagor, Platon ve eski Yunan yazarlar kadar, Ortado\u011fu’daki ezoterik ekollerin de b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ortado\u011fu’da korunan hermetik bilgiler, Avrupa’ya \u00f6zellikle Floransa yoluyla aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, Kilise’nin t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Avrupa’da yay\u0131lmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderiye’nin alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz H\u0131ristiyan “Kutsal” Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun do\u011fu\u015fuyla M.S. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda sona erdi. Eski medeniyetlerin kapsaml\u0131 d\u00fcnya bilgileri ve geli\u015fmi\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ra\u011fmen, H\u0131ristiyanlar onlar\u0131 “Pagan” damgas\u0131 vurarak yok sayd\u0131lar. M.S. 415 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan son b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgin ve Pagan filozoflardan biri olan Hypatia, bir Hristiyan g\u00fcruhu taraf\u0131ndan yakalanarak\u00a0vah\u015fice\u00a0\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclerek bedeni deniz tara\u011f\u0131 kabuklar\u0131yla par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f ve geriye kalanlar\u0131 yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hareketin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Patrik Kyrillos, daha sonra St. Kyrillos olarak aziz mertebesine y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Pagan bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle yok edilmi\u015ftir ve bilimsel eserler, d\u00f6rt bir yana da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde Roma \u0130mparatoru Theodosius, imparatorluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm Pagan mabetlerini kapatmaya karar vermi\u015f ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le birlikte, hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik \u015fekilde kitap yakma olaylar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011flar’\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, bilim ve bilgelik \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, dinin kat\u0131 kurallar\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131narak yok edilmesinin bir simgesi olmu\u015ftur\u30103\u3011.<\/p>\n
\u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nin Miras\u0131 ve G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin yok olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Hermetik \u00f6\u011fretiler ve Ezoterik bilgi, sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla yeniden hayatta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunan ve Roma d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n antik bilgileri, sadece do\u011frudan k\u00fct\u00fcphane kaynaklar\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fu medeniyetlerinde korunmu\u015f olan metinlerden de aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bu bilgilerin korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesi, \u0130slam alimlerinin \u00f6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r, Ba\u011fdat, \u015eam ve End\u00fcl\u00fcs’teki k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Floransa R\u00f6nesans\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Hermetik metinlerin Bat\u0131’ya yeniden tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin \u015fekillenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6zellikle Hermetik yaz\u0131lar, simya, astroloji ve felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye olan ilgiyi art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Bat\u0131’daki pek \u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yeniden ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7: \u0130skenderiye\u2019nin Bilgelik Miras\u0131 ve Hermes\u2019in Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgi ar\u015fivi olarak, bilimsel ve ezoterik bilgi birikimlerini birle\u015ftirerek Helenistik, Roma ve Ortado\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin geli\u015fmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Hermetik \u00f6\u011fretiler, \u0130skenderiye’deki Thot rahiplerinin \u00f6\u011fretilerine dayanarak, t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetleri etkilemi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u0130skenderiye\u2019nin bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olarak alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, Hristiyan Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun y\u00fckselmesiyle son bulmu\u015f ve antik bilgilere y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ancak, Hermetik \u00f6\u011fretinin izleri y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca R\u00f6nesans, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve ezoterik geleneklerde ya\u015famaya devam etmi\u015f, Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini etkilemeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130skenderiye’nin miras\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bilimsel ke\u015fiflerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda insanl\u0131k tarihinin bilgelik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n simgesi olarak tarihe kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M.\u00d6. 3000’lerden itibaren M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n Memfis, Thebes ve Abydos gibi \u015fehirleri, d\u00f6nemin en ileri medeniyet merkezleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 bin y\u0131l boyunca bu \u00fcst\u00fcn konumlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fehirleri, M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n etkisiyle d\u0131\u015f istilalara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z hale geldi. Asur ve Pers istilalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Yunanistan, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, \u0130ran, Hindistan ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[579,574,1057,1055,1084,1049,1072,1061,1079,1086,1056,1088,1090,1051,1048,1062,1059,1081,85,705,754,1085,271,1083,12,1071,386,1073,1069,1075,1089,385,1058,86,1087,1052,187,1063,1078,1077,1053,1076,1074,1060,1046,571,1066,486,1082,1050,1054,1080,667,1067,1047,13,1065,1070,1064,1068],"class_list":["post-1309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hermetik-ogretinin-fisiltisi","tag-abydos","tag-anadolu","tag-aristarkhos","tag-arsimed","tag-astroloji","tag-asur","tag-avrupa","tag-ay","tag-bagdat","tag-bati-dusuncesi","tag-batlamyus","tag-bilgelik","tag-bilimsel-kesifler","tag-buyuk-iskender","tag-demir-cagi","tag-dunya-haritasi","tag-ekinoks","tag-endulus","tag-eratosthenes","tag-eski-misir","tag-ezoterik-gelenekler","tag-felsefi-dusunce","tag-floransa","tag-floransa-ronesansi","tag-hermes","tag-hermetik-bilgiler","tag-hermetik-felsefe","tag-hiristiyan-roma-imparatorlugu","tag-hurmuz","tag-hypatia","tag-insanlik-tarihi","tag-iskenderiye","tag-iskenderiye-bilim-insanlari","tag-iskenderiye-kutuphanesi","tag-iskenderiye-mirasi","tag-iskenderiye-sehri","tag-islam-dunyasi","tag-italya","tag-karanlik-caglar","tag-kitap-yakma","tag-kozmopolit","tag-kyrillos","tag-m-s-5-yuzyil","tag-med-cezir","tag-memfis","tag-misir","tag-muslumanlar","tag-oklid","tag-orta-cag","tag-pers","tag-ptolemaios-soter","tag-sam","tag-simya","tag-suryaniler","tag-thebes","tag-thot","tag-yahudiler","tag-yunan-kulturu","tag-yunanistan","tag-zerdustler"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}