{"id":229,"date":"2020-04-30T11:51:35","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T08:51:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/?p=229"},"modified":"2025-04-12T23:20:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T20:20:08","slug":"hz-ibrahimin-yasam-oykusunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/kabe\/hz-ibrahimin-yasam-oykusunu\/","title":{"rendered":"Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in Ya\u015fam \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in Ya\u015fam \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in K\u00e2be\u2019yi hangi\u00a0 ama\u00e7 ve inan\u00e7la\u00a0 bu noktaya in\u015fa etti\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve inan\u00e7 ortam\u0131n\u0131 ve Hz. \u0130brahimin ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc incelemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cBiz, \u0130brahim\u2019e, \u015f\u00fcphesiz ve kesin bir \u015fekilde inananlardan olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6klerin ve yerin muhte\u015fem varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorduk.\u201d<\/p>\n

Enam suresi 75. Ayette inan\u00e7 ve ilim seviyesinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanan ve Ehli Kitap dinlerin mensuplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan peygamberli\u011fi kabul edilen ve b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren Hz. \u0130brahim, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimizin \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00f6ncelikle Tevrat ve \u0130bran\u00ee edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 efsanelerine dayan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f Yahudilerin de eski efsane ve hik\u00e2yelerini abart\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u0130slam\u2019a katt\u0131klar\u0131 (\u0130srailiyat) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tarih\u00e7iler de, \u0130slam\u2019a aitmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu t\u00fcr bilgilerden etkilenmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rma yoluna gitmemi\u015flerdir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada arkeolojik bulgular sonucu elde edilen bilgileri, Kuran ayetlerinde verilen bilgileri ve modern tarih\u00e7ilerin genel kabullerini esas ald\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hazreti \u0130brahim\u2019in Do\u011fdu\u011fu Kent<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arkeolojik bulgulara g\u00f6re, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in memleketi olan Ur Kenti <\/em><\/strong>G\u00fcney Irak\u2019tad\u0131r. Burada yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in kesin bir tarihi \u015fahsiyet oldu\u011funa dair iki belge bulunmu\u015ftur. Bunlardan birisi, \u201cTerah o\u011flu Abram<\/em>\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir tablet, di\u011ferinde ise, Ur peygamberinin yakalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Acbor o\u011flu Elnathan <\/em>taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f tedbirler yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey Suriye\u2019deki Ugarit<\/em><\/strong>, yeni ad\u0131 Ra\u2019s Gamra <\/em><\/strong>kentinde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda \u00e7\u0131kan ve M.\u00d6. 1500 y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenen tabletlerde, Hz. \u0130brahim ve ailesinin hik\u00e2yelerine ve dinlerine ait bir\u00e7ok bilgiye rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlarla ilgili \u015fehir adlar\u0131,\u00a0 g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri yerler, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 e\u015fyalar, giyini\u015fleri k\u0131smen saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[2]<\/a>\u00a01926-28 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Arkeolog Leonard Woolley ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda G\u00fcney Mezopotamya\u2019da eski ad\u0131 Ur<\/em><\/strong>, yeni ad\u0131 Tell-el-Mu\u011fayyar <\/em><\/strong>adl\u0131 tepede yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda, M.\u00d6. 2800 y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenen kral mezarlar\u0131, tap\u0131naklar, kent surlar\u0131 ve ziggurat bulundu. Woolley, bu yerin Tevrat\u2019ta ge\u00e7en Kaldelilerin Ur \u015fehri <\/em><\/strong>oldu\u011funu, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in burada do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc; \u00e7ad\u0131rda de\u011fil de b\u00fcy\u00fck kentte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kentli oldu\u011funu ortaya att\u0131.[3]<\/a>\u00a0G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu yerin Ur Kenti <\/em><\/strong>oldu\u011funu kabul etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u0131llar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tevrat\u2019ta ge\u00e7en soylar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan baz\u0131 akademisyenler, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019i yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 2100\u2019lere oturtuyorlar. Tevrat ile arkeolojiyi bir arada inceleyen az say\u0131da tarih\u00e7i ise, M.\u00d6. 2000 ile 1500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir d\u00f6nemde uzla\u015f\u0131yor.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem \u00e7o\u011funlukla M.\u00d6. 1900- 1800 y\u0131llar\u0131na getirilmek istenmektedir. Bu rakam, arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla da destekleniyor. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6re Hz. \u0130brahim, en yak\u0131n bir tahminle M.\u00d6. 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Hz. \u0130brahim D\u00f6nemindeki Toplum ve \u0130nan\u00e7 Yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cUr\u201d kenti, M.\u00d6. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti olup, F\u0131rat \u00fczerinde Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir limand\u0131 ve tahminen 250.000 ki\u015filik bir n\u00fcfusun bolluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Soylu ailelerin erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 S\u00fcmer \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6r\u00fcyor \u00f6zellikle matematik ve astroloji e\u011fitimi al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu imkanlardan yoksundu \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 okuyup yazabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Babil tanr\u0131lar\u0131, toplumsal kurallar\u0131 ve cezalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131, tanr\u0131lar\u0131n buyruklar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar ve rahipler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 kanunlar haline getirilmi\u015fti. Ziggurat ad\u0131 verilen tap\u0131naklarda ba\u015frahiplerin y\u00f6netti\u011fi mahkemelerde bu kanunlara g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde insanlar \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Amelu<\/strong>: Din adamlar\u0131, devlet memurlar\u0131 ve ordudan olu\u015fuyordu.<\/li>\n
  2. Nu\u015fkenu<\/strong>: T\u00fcccarlar, zanaatk\u00e2rlar ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iler. Halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu bu s\u0131n\u0131f olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/li>\n
  3. Ardu: <\/strong>K\u00f6leler.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Amelu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131. Hem medeni hukuk, hem de ceza hukuku alan\u0131nda di\u011fer insanlardan daha fazla de\u011ferliydiler ve hayatlar\u0131yla m\u00fclkleri kutsal ve k\u0131ymetli tutulurdu.[6]<\/a>\u00a0Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kentin ve toplumun durumu i\u015fte b\u00f6yleydi. Talmud\u2019a g\u00f6re kendisi Amelu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na dahildi ve babas\u0131 devletin en \u00f6nde gelen g\u00f6revlilerindendi.<\/p>\n

    Ur\u2019da yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tabletlerde 5000 tanr\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Her kentin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131 ve ba\u015ftanr\u0131s\u0131, ya da kent tanr\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Ur\u2019un kent tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131, \u201cNannar<\/strong>\u201d (Ay Tanr\u0131s\u0131) idi. Bir di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck kent, sonradan Ur\u2019un yerine ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lan Larsa\u2019yd\u0131. Buran\u0131n ba\u015ftanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ise \u201c\u015eama\u015f<\/strong>\u201d (G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131) idi. Bu ba\u015ftanr\u0131lar\u0131n alt\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla, gezegenlerden ve birka\u00e7\u0131 da yery\u00fcz\u00fc nesnelerinden se\u00e7ilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanr\u0131lar vard\u0131. Her k\u00f6y\u00fcn ve ailenin kendisine \u00f6zel k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanr\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak bu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n heykellerini (putlar\u0131n\u0131) ancak tap\u0131nak rahipleri yapabiliyordu. Halk daha \u00f6nemsiz \u015feyler i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 dualar\u0131n bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tanr\u0131larca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verildi\u011fine inan\u0131rd\u0131 ve tap\u0131nak rahiplerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 aile ve ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel putlar\u0131 parayla sat\u0131n al\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece rahiplerin ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131n hazineleri dolard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Tap\u0131nakta adalet y\u00fcksek mahkemesi kurulmu\u015ftu ve yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 olu\u015fturan din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, tanr\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc kabul ediliyordu. Kraliyet hanedan\u0131 da egemenli\u011fini ger\u00e7ek egemen Nannar\u2019dan al\u0131yordu. Kral (Nemrut) \u00fclkeyi onun ad\u0131na y\u00f6netiyordu ve bu bak\u0131mdan tanr\u0131l\u0131k mertebesine y\u00fckselmi\u015fti ve kendisine di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar gibi tap\u0131n\u0131l\u0131yordu. Halk putperestli\u011fi \u201catalar\u0131n\u0131n dini<\/strong>\u201d olarak biliyor ve \u201cbabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bunlara tapar bulduk<\/em><\/strong>\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 onayl\u0131yorlard\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u015eaban Kuzgun, Hz. \u0130brahim ve Haniflik, Ankara-Kayseri 1985, s. 25-26.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Selahaddin Eyyubi G\u00dcLER, Hz. \u0130brahim ( Hayat\u0131, Urfa ve Harran\u2019la \u0130li\u015fkisi) \u00d6zbek yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Urfa, 2007. s.3<\/em><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> G\u00dcLER, a.g.e. s.16.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Tad Szulc, \u201cHz. \u0130brahim\/\u0130nan\u00e7 Yolculu\u011fu\u201d, National Geographic (T\u00fcrkiye), Aral\u0131k 2001, s.168.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> G\u00dcLER, a.g.e.. s.36.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a>http:\/\/tientertainment.com\/dosya\/tkurtTarih%20sumerde%20baslar%20(samuel%20noah%20kramer)%20ozet.<\/em>pdf.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> G\u00dcLER, a.g.e. s.42.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in Ya\u015fam \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in K\u00e2be\u2019yi hangi\u00a0 ama\u00e7 ve inan\u00e7la\u00a0 bu noktaya in\u015fa etti\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve inan\u00e7 ortam\u0131n\u0131 ve Hz. \u0130brahimin ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc incelemek gerekiyor. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cBiz, \u0130brahim\u2019e, \u015f\u00fcphesiz ve kesin bir \u015fekilde inananlardan olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6klerin ve yerin muhte\u015fem varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorduk.\u201d Enam suresi 75. Ayette inan\u00e7 ve ilim seviyesinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[372],"tags":[1084,1461,1457,1459,1470,1467,1456,71,72,69,1474,1466,657,1469,52,1468,451,66,75,1471,1460,1458,901,1473,1462,1463,781,1465,1390,73,1472,1464,74],"class_list":["post-229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kabe","tag-astroloji","tag-ay-tanrisi","tag-basra-korfezi","tag-cok-tanrili-inanc","tag-cok-tanrili-toplum","tag-dini-inanc","tag-firat-nehri","tag-hazreti-ibrahim-hayati","tag-hazreti-ibrahimin-dogdugu-kent","tag-hz-ibrahim","tag-ibrahimin-gocu","tag-ibrahimin-yasam-oykusu","tag-islam","tag-islam-peygamberi","tag-kabe","tag-kabe-insasi","tag-matematik","tag-mezopotamya","tag-nannar","tag-putlara-tapinma","tag-putperestlik","tag-sumer-civi-yazisi","tag-tanri-inanci","tag-tanrinin-vahyi","tag-tapinak-rahipleri","tag-tek-tanri","tag-tek-tanri-inanci","tag-teslimiyet","tag-tevrat","tag-ur-kenti","tag-urdaki-toplum","tag-urdan-goc","tag-ziggurat"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/UR-Z\u0130GGURAT.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=229"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/229\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}