{"id":231,"date":"2020-04-30T11:52:46","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T08:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/?p=231"},"modified":"2025-04-12T23:21:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T20:21:19","slug":"kabenin-tarihi-ve-mimari-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/kabe\/kabenin-tarihi-ve-mimari-ozellikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00c2BE\u2019N\u0130N TAR\u0130H\u0130 VE M\u0130MAR\u0130 \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck e\u015fkenar \u00fc\u00e7genin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00f6\u015fesini olu\u015fturan K\u00e2be, \u0130slam peygamberi Hazreti Muhammed\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kutsal \u015fehir Mekke\u2019de bulunuyordu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n her g\u00fcn be\u015f vakit namaz k\u0131larken y\u00f6neldi\u011fi ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn camilerin k\u0131blesiydi. Hac mevsiminde milyonlarca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n yedi defa tavaf ederek hac\u0131 olduklar\u0131 mek\u00e2nd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00e2be\u2019nin tarihini ve yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f hik\u00e2yesini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ilgin\u00e7 bilgilere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ma g\u00f6re binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarihe sahip bu mabet ilk in\u015fas\u0131ndan bu g\u00fcne birka\u00e7 defa yenilenmi\u015f ve onar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hacer\u00fc’l-Esved denilen kutsal ta\u015f hari\u00e7 \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait K\u00e2be’den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze hemen hemen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u0130slam’\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve zaman i\u00e7inde baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck onar\u0131mlar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. K\u00e2be ile ilgili bilgilerimiz tamamen din\u00ee ve tarih\u00ee kaynaklarla, gezginlerin yazd\u0131klar\u0131na dayanmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130slam tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve medeniyetiyle ilgili pek \u00e7ok eserde K\u00e2be ile ilgili bilgiye rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. K\u00e2be’den s\u00f6z eden tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n en eskileri Miladi VIII. as\u0131rdan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7memektedir. Oysa K\u00e2be’nin tarihi Milat’tan binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nceye gitmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130slam tarih kitaplar\u0131nda K\u00e2be ile ilgili anlat\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re K\u00e2be, D\u00fcnya yarat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na K\u00e2be\u2019den ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. \u00c2dem taraf\u0131ndan da D\u00fcnya\u2019da in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, Hz. \u00c2dem\u2019den sonra da evlatlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yenilenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kur\u2019an ve hadislerse, rivayetlerin aksine, K\u00e2be\u2019nin ilk olarak Hz. \u0130brahim ve o\u011flu \u0130smail taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etmektedirler. Mesela, K\u00e2be ile ilgili olarak Kur\u2019an’da ge\u00e7en birka\u00e7 ayette \u015f\u00f6yle denilmektedir: “Do\u011frusu insanlar i\u00e7in konulan ilk mabet \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki, Mekke de bulunan \u00e7ok m\u00fcbarek ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2lemlere hidayet olan beyttir.”<\/em><\/strong> (Al-i \u0130mran 96) “Ey Resul\u00fcm hat\u0131rla o zaman\u0131 ki, biz K\u00e2be\u2019nin yerini \u0130brahim’e beyan etmi\u015ftik.”<\/strong><\/em> (Hacc 26) <\/em>“Ve o zaman \u0130brahim ile \u0130smail K\u00e2be\u2019nin temellerini y\u00fckselttiler”.<\/em><\/strong> (Bakara 127)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130slam Peygamberi Hz. Muhammed’den nakledilen bir hadiste de, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde in\u015fa edilen ilk mabedin K\u00e2be oldu\u011fu ve K\u00e2be\u2019nin Kud\u00fcs’teki S\u00fcleyman Mabedi’nden 40 y\u0131l \u00f6nce in\u015fa edildi\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuran, hadis ve tarih kitaplar\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, K\u00e2be Allah’\u0131n emriyle insanlar\u0131n tavaf etmeleri i\u00e7in Hz. \u0130brahim Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerini de \u0130brahim Peygambere Allah g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuran\u2019da Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e K\u00e2be\u2019nin yerinin g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. Ancak ne \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ile ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli rivayetler vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Rivayete g\u00f6re: Allah, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e Sekine\u2019yi g\u00f6ndererek K\u00e2be\u2019nin yerini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Sekine y\u00fcz\u00fc ve iki kanad\u0131 olan r\u00fczg\u00e2rd\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131 kedi ya da y\u0131lan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na benziyordu.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Rivayete g\u00f6re: Hz. \u0130brahim Ermeniye b\u00f6lgesinden Burak\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde Sekine\u2019yi takip ederek Mekke\u2019ye gelir, Sekine (r\u00fczg\u00e2r) \u00f6r\u00fcmce\u011fin evini haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi K\u00e2be\u2019yi haz\u0131rlar ve dile gelerek Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e: \u201cBana g\u00f6re yeri \u00e7iz ne fazla ne eksik olsun.\u201d der. Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019in \u00e7izdi\u011fi yere \u201cBekke\u201d etraf\u0131na da \u201cMekke\u201d denildi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Rivayete g\u00f6re: Allah, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e K\u00e2be\u2019nin yerini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Cebrail\u2019i g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Cebrail, Hz. \u0130brahim ile \u015eam\u2019dan Mekke\u2019ye gelir ve Cebrail, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e yapmas\u0131 gerekenleri g\u00f6stererek s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. [1]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Rivayete g\u00f6re: Allah, Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e K\u00e2be\u2019nin yerini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir bulut g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Allah Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019den K\u00e2be\u2019yi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyince; Hz. \u0130brahim nerede yap\u0131y\u0131m diye sordu. Allah kendisine ba\u015f\u0131 olan bir bulut g\u00f6nderdi. Bulut Hz. \u0130brahim ile Mekke\u2019ye gelir ve K\u00e2be\u2019nin yerinde durur. Hz. \u0130brahim\u2019e ne az ne de fazla bulutun g\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6re K\u00e2be\u2019yi yapmas\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Hz. \u0130brahim K\u00e2be\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izince Bulut, yapt\u0131n m\u0131 diye sorar. Hz. \u0130brahim, evet diye cevap verince Bulut kayboldu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tarihi kaynaklarda[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6zellikle Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019de Hz. \u0130brahim’in K\u00e2be\u2019yi in\u015fas\u0131 ile ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bir haber nakledilmektedir: “Hz. \u0130brahim e\u015fi Sara’n\u0131n ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fi ve duygusal rekabeti sonucu di\u011fer e\u015fi Hacer ile ondan do\u011fma \u00e7ocuk ya\u015ftaki \u0130smail’i al\u0131p Mekke’ye gelir. O zamanlar Mekke yerle\u015fim olmayan bir yerdir. Hz. \u0130brahim, anne ile o\u011flunu bir kap su ve bir miktar hurma az\u0131kla K\u00e2be’nin bulundu\u011fu yere b\u0131rak\u0131p gider. Kendisine, bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sebebini soran e\u015fine, bu i\u015fin Allah’\u0131n emri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cHz. \u0130brahim zaman zaman gelip Hacer ile o\u011flunu ziyaret etmektedir. Yine b\u00f6yle bir geli\u015finde 30 ya\u015flar\u0131na basm\u0131\u015f o\u011fluna, Allah’\u0131n kendisine bir mabet yapmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve o\u011flundan,\u00b7yaparken kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 ister. \u0130bn Haldun’un ifadesine g\u00f6re, bu s\u0131rada \u0130smail annesi ve kendisi i\u00e7in bir ev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evinin etraf\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f ve topraktan olu\u015fan bir duvarla ku\u015fatmak suretiyle te\u015fkil etti\u011fi avluyu da koyunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131l olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte Hz. \u0130brahim ile o\u011flu \u0130smail K\u00e2be\u2019yi bu a\u011f\u0131l olarak kullan\u0131lan avluya bina etmi\u015flerdir. Hz. \u0130brahim K\u00e2be\u2019yi biraz y\u00fcksek\u00e7e bir mevki \u00fczerinde kurmu\u015ftur. \u0130n\u015faatta Mekke’yi \u00e7evreleyen da\u011flardan getirilmi\u015f ta\u015flar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130n\u015fa i\u015fini \u0130brahim y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f, o\u011flu da ona ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    Binan\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 biraz y\u00fckselince, \u0130brahim in\u015faata devam edebilmek i\u00e7in aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na iskele g\u00f6revi g\u00f6recek bir ta\u015f alm\u0131\u015f ve in\u015faat\u0131 b\u00f6ylece tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. \u0130brahim’in aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ta\u015f daha sonra Makam-\u0131 \u0130brahim diye an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kutsanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hz. \u0130brahim’in in\u015fa etti\u011fi K\u00e2be\u2019nin duvarlar\u0131 \u00fcst \u00fcste konmu\u015f blok ta\u015flarla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u015eekil olarak k\u00fcp\u00fc and\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Boyutlar\u0131 konusunda birbirine yak\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler verilmektedir. Bu rivayetlerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u0130brahim’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00e2be yakla\u015f\u0131k 20×30 zira ebatlar\u0131nda, 7 veya daha kuvvetli bir ihtimalle 9 zira y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. (1 zira, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1 M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00fcbiti kadard\u0131r ve 0,52 metreye denktir.)<\/em> Binan\u0131n e\u015fiksiz, yer seviyesinde bir kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak kap\u0131, i\u00e7eriye giri\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren bir bo\u015fluktan ibarettir. \u00dcst\u00fc ise a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Yani \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 yoktur. Yap\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u00f6\u015fesine, tavaf edenlere bir i\u015faret olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 renkte ve farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikle bir ta\u015f yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ki, bu ta\u015f Hacer\u00fc’l-Esved ismiyle bilinmektedir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a kutsal kabul edilir.[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

    G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Khufu Piramidi ve Babil Kulesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re K\u00e2be \u00f6yle muazzam ve muhte\u015fem bir mimariye sahip de\u011fildir; ancak zaten kutsal olan K\u00e2be\u2019nin ta\u015f\u0131, duvar\u0131, \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc de\u011fildir. Kutsal olan K\u00e2be\u2019nin konumudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130slam inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re ilah\u00ee bir i\u015faretle Hz. \u0130brahim taraf\u0131ndan yeri belirlenmi\u015ftir ve bu yer Khufu Piramidi ile Babil Kulesine ayn\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r ve tam bir e\u015fkenar \u00fc\u00e7gen olu\u015fturacak noktadad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u015e\u0130M\u015eEK Osman, K\u00e2be Tarihi,\u00a0 Dicle \u00dc. \u0130slam Tarihi Bilim Dal\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Diyarbak\u0131r, 2003.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> \u0130NC\u0130L : <\/em>https<\/em>:\/\/<\/em>incil.info<\/em>\/kitap\/<\/em>Yaratilis<\/em>\/21<\/em> (\u00e7emrimi\u00e7i)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> CAN Y\u0131lmaz \u201cK\u00e2be\u201d Makalesi: (\u00e7emrimi\u00e7i)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>http:\/\/dergipark.gov.tr\/download\/article-file\/188711<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00fcy\u00fck e\u015fkenar \u00fc\u00e7genin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00f6\u015fesini olu\u015fturan K\u00e2be, \u0130slam peygamberi Hazreti Muhammed\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kutsal \u015fehir Mekke\u2019de bulunuyordu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n her g\u00fcn be\u015f vakit namaz k\u0131larken y\u00f6neldi\u011fi ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn camilerin k\u0131blesiydi. Hac mevsiminde milyonlarca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n yedi defa tavaf ederek hac\u0131 olduklar\u0131 mek\u00e2nd\u0131. K\u00e2be\u2019nin tarihini ve yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f hik\u00e2yesini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ilgin\u00e7 bilgilere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ma g\u00f6re binlerce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[372],"tags":[1496,23,1492,1491,1482,1485,1498,1501,1478,1494,1437,1488,68,1475,1486,69,1487,733,1493,1499,657,1479,1481,1495,52,67,1489,80,1477,1391,1451,1404,1500,171,1484,1476,1490,70,1446,1483,1497,1438,1390,1480],"class_list":["post-231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kabe","tag-avlu","tag-babil-kulesi","tag-bulut","tag-cebrail","tag-dini-kaynaklar","tag-dunya-yaratilmasi","tag-duvar","tag-eskenar-ucgen","tag-hac","tag-hacer","tag-hacerul-esved","tag-hadis","tag-hazreti-ibrahim","tag-hazreti-muhammed","tag-hz-adem","tag-hz-ibrahim","tag-hz-ismail","tag-ilahi-isaret","tag-incil","tag-insaat","tag-islam","tag-islam-oncesi","tag-islamin-ilk-yillari","tag-ismail","tag-kabe","tag-kabenin-tarihi","tag-kabenin-temelleri","tag-khufu-piramidi","tag-kible","tag-kuran","tag-kutsal-tas","tag-kutsallik","tag-makam-i-ibrahim","tag-mekke","tag-miladi-viii-asir","tag-namaz","tag-ruzgar","tag-sekine","tag-tarih","tag-tarihi-kaynaklar","tag-tas","tag-tavaf","tag-tevrat","tag-yapilis"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kabe-fotograflari-20131029231633.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}