{"id":233,"date":"2020-04-30T11:54:20","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T08:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/?p=233"},"modified":"2025-04-12T23:14:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T20:14:01","slug":"babil-kulesinin-tarihi-ve-mimari-ozellikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/babil-kulesi\/babil-kulesinin-tarihi-ve-mimari-ozellikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"BAB\u0130L KULES\u0130\u2019N\u0130N TAR\u0130H\u0130 VE M\u0130MAR\u0130 \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck e\u015fkenar \u00fc\u00e7genin ikinci k\u00f6\u015fesini olu\u015fturan Babil Kulesi, en az Eski M\u0131s\u0131r kadar k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve sa\u011flam bir medeniyet sahas\u0131 olan F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirlerinin sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verimli Mezopotamya topraklar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu topraklarda M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f S\u00fcmerler, Akkadlar, Babilliler ve Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medeniyetin simgesi ve zirve eseridir Babil Kulesi. Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p ortadan kaybolal\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen insanlar\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lmayan Babil Kulesi\u2019nin 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Alman arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan temel kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftu. \u201cTanr\u0131 kap\u0131s\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Babil, ad\u0131n\u0131n manas\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere dini \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fehirdi ve burada gerek \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tabletlerin, gerekse klasik yazarlar\u0131n verdikleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re Mezopotamya’daki geleneksel mabet kuleleri olan ziggurat\/ziqquratlar\u0131n (Akkadca zakaru “dikilmek, y\u00fckselmek”) en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunuyordu. Bu ziggurat\u0131n ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin tarih olarak bilinmese de bir tablette Akkad Kral\u0131 \u015earkali\u015farri’nin (M.\u00d6. 2217-2193) Babil’deki ziggurat\u0131 tamir ettirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi, Babil’in ikinci kurucusu Sargon taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini akla getirmektedir; ancak ad\u0131n\u0131n yine S\u00fcmerce olmas\u0131 (Etemenanki), ilk Babil (Kadingirra) \u015fehrinde de bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re Babil Kulesi zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan be\u015f bin y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce S\u00fcmerliler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve \u201cTanr\u0131da\u011f\u0131\u201d da denirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerden gelen S\u00fcmerliler y\u00fckseklere taparlar, yeri ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011flayan kutsal bir a\u011fac\u0131n bulundu\u011funa da inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Babil Kulesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeri g\u00f6\u011fe ba\u011flayan kutsal a\u011fac\u0131 temsil ediyordu. Ve bu kule Tanr\u0131 Marduk kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in yani tanr\u0131sal y\u00fcceli\u011fe, bilgeli\u011fe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kulenin temelinde yap\u0131lan arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar ve incelemelere g\u00f6re kule, 91×91 m. \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde bir kare tabana in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.\u00a0 Tamam\u0131 75 m. y\u00fckseklikte gittik\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen alt\u0131 kat vard\u0131 ve kulenin tepesinde kat say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yediye toplam y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 91 metreye \u00e7\u0131karan mavi s\u0131rl\u0131 tu\u011flalardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ba\u015f tanr\u0131 Marduk’un \u00f6zel kat\u0131 vard\u0131. (\u015eekil 27)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 27 : Babil Kulesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ta\u015f ve mermer kullan\u0131lmadan tamamen kerpi\u00e7 tu\u011fladan yap\u0131lan bu g\u00f6rkemli tap\u0131nak,\u00a0 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1500 y\u0131l ayakta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve g\u00f6rkemiyle insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131nda derin izler b\u0131rakt\u0131. M.\u00d6. 479’da Babil’i fetheden Pers kral\u0131 Xerkes’in kuleyi y\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra ne yaz\u0131k ki kule tekrar onar\u0131lamad\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Babil’e geldi\u011finde kulenin o harap haline bile hayran kald\u0131 ve kuleyi eski haline getirmeye karar verdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender kulenin enkaz\u0131 i\u00e7in 10.000 ki\u015fiyi iki ay boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak molozlar\u0131 temizletti. Ancak B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in zehirlenerek \u00f6lmesi kulenin yeniden yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurdu ve bir daha da hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Babil Kulesi\u2019ni tekrar yapmad\u0131. Babil kulesinin enkaz\u0131ndaki tu\u011flalar halk taraf\u0131ndan ev yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131, kulenin oldu\u011fu yerde \u015fimdi Araplar\u0131n \u201cSahn\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri derin bir kuyu olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00dcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7i Herodot, kulenin tepesine katlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015ftan dolanan bir merdivenle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak bir yatak odas\u0131 \u015feklinde d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015f olan Marduk’un \u00f6zel kat\u0131na tanr\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi bakirelerden ve ba\u015frahiplerden ba\u015fka kimsenin giremedi\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r. Kulenin her bir kat\u0131 D\u00fcnya ve insan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir evresini olu\u015fturan varl\u0131klar\u0131 temsil ediyordu.[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m incelemelerde Babil Kulesi\u2019nin taban\u0131 Khufu Piramidi gibi tam olarak co\u011frafi kuzey kutup noktas\u0131na bakm\u0131yordu, Yerk\u00fcrenin \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki demir yo\u011funlu\u011fundan kaynaklanan manyetik kuzey kutup noktas\u0131na bak\u0131yordu. Manyetik kuzey kutup noktas\u0131 sadece pusula ile belirlenebilirdi. Acaba Babil Kulesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken pusula var m\u0131yd\u0131? Resmi tarihi kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re pusula i\u011fnesini ilk defa milad\u00ee birinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7inli denizciler kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Belki \u00c7inlilerden iki bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Babilliler pusulay\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Ya da babil Kulesinin taban karesinin manyetik kuzey noktas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 sadece bir tesad\u00fcft\u00fcr diyebiliriz. Ama tesad\u00fcfler bitmiyordu. Babil Kulesi\u2019nin bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fc tam olarak Khufu Piramidi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fc yani k\u0131blesi Khufu Piramidi\u2019ydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Babil Kulesi\u2019nin Khufu Piramidi\u2019yle olan y\u00f6n uyumu ilgimi \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Acaba e\u015fkenar \u00fc\u00e7genin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00f6\u015fesindeki K\u00e2be\u2019de de benzer bir uyum veya tesad\u00fcf var m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi \u201cBabil\u201d Maddesi<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/www.serenti.org\/babil-kulesi-ve-tanrinin-gazabi\/ (\u00e7emrimi\u00e7i)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck e\u015fkenar \u00fc\u00e7genin ikinci k\u00f6\u015fesini olu\u015fturan Babil Kulesi, en az Eski M\u0131s\u0131r kadar k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve sa\u011flam bir medeniyet sahas\u0131 olan F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehirlerinin sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verimli Mezopotamya topraklar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu topraklarda M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f S\u00fcmerler, Akkadlar, Babilliler ve Asurlular taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir medeniyetin simgesi ve zirve eseridir Babil Kulesi. Y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p ortadan kaybolal\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[371],"tags":[1378,1414,1403,686,1379,63,23,1408,1419,1148,1399,1051,1413,1374,452,1420,1406,1417,52,1393,80,1409,1412,1401,1410,1416,1404,15,1382,1405,66,1418,1421,1422,65,64,1395,1400,1380,1407,1415,1320,1411,1402,74],"class_list":["post-233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-babil-kulesi","tag-akkadlar","tag-arkeolojik-arastirma","tag-arkeolojik-kazilar","tag-astronomi","tag-asurlular","tag-babil","tag-babil-kulesi","tag-babil-kulesinin-yikilisi","tag-babilin-tarihi","tag-babilliler","tag-buyuk-eskenar-ucgen","tag-buyuk-iskender","tag-eski-medeniyetler","tag-etemenanki","tag-geometri","tag-her-katin-sembolizmi","tag-herodot","tag-inanc-sistemleri","tag-kabe","tag-kerpic-tugla","tag-khufu-piramidi","tag-khufu-piramidi-uyumu","tag-kozmik-uyum","tag-kozmolojik-duzen","tag-kutsal-agacin-sembolu","tag-kutsal-yapi","tag-kutsallik","tag-ley-hatlari","tag-manyetik-kuzey","tag-mardukun-ozel-kati","tag-mezopotamya","tag-mezopotamya-topraklari","tag-misir-ve-babil-baglantilari","tag-simgesel-yapilar","tag-sumer-medeniyeti","tag-sumerler","tag-tanri-marduk","tag-tanridagi","tag-tapinak","tag-tarihi-inceleme","tag-tarihsel-anit","tag-tarihsel-yapi","tag-yerkure","tag-yonlenme","tag-ziggurat"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/babil-kulesi.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=233"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}