{"id":257,"date":"2020-02-26T16:55:41","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T13:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/?p=257"},"modified":"2025-04-12T22:43:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T19:43:51","slug":"hermes-ogretisinin-dogusu-ve-iskenderiye-kutuphanesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/hermetik-ogretinin-fisiltisi\/hermes-ogretisinin-dogusu-ve-iskenderiye-kutuphanesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hermes \u00d6\u011fretisinin Do\u011fu\u015fu ve \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fehirleri Memfis, Thebes, Abydos D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en ileri \u015fehirleri olmu\u015ftu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3000 y\u0131l boyunca D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n medeniyet merkezi olan M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fehirleri, M.\u00d6. 5. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle istilac\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 kendisini koruyamaz olmu\u015ftu. Asur ve Pers istilas\u0131ndan sonra B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender, Yunanistan, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, \u0130ran, Hindistan ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 elege\u00e7irerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk kurmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn medeniyetleri kendi y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri kayna\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u0130skenderiye \u015fehrini kurmu\u015ftu. \u0130skenderiye, her milletten ve dinden insanlar\u0131n ak\u0131n ak\u0131n geldi\u011fi cosmospolis bir \u015fehir olmu\u015ftu. Yunanl\u0131lar, Musev\u00eeler, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar, Babilliler, Fenikeliler, Persliler hatta Hindistan’dan Hindular ve Budistler bir bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131 i\u00e7inde kayna\u015ft\u0131lar. \u0130skenderiyeliler \u00f6\u011frenmeye sevdal\u0131 bilgiyi kutsayan bir ruh d\u00fcnyas\u0131na sahip insanlar olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. [1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0130skenderiye\u2019de bilge bir y\u00f6netici olan I. Ptoleme’nin emriyle bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve m\u00fcze kuruldu, insanlar buralarda ilk olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sundu\u011fu bilgeli\u011fi sistematik bir \u015fekilde toplad\u0131lar. Me\u015fhur \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7inde yar\u0131m milyon kadar papir\u00fcs tomar\u0131 (kitap) bulunuyordu. M\u0131s\u0131r tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k birikimle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu kitaplar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Orta\u00e7a\u011f’da bile uzun y\u0131llar h\u00e2kimiyetini korumu\u015f geometri, matematik ve co\u011frafya alanlar\u0131nda \u00d6klid, Ar\u015fimed ve astronom Batlamyus’un eserleri de yer al\u0131yordu. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f’in \u00e7evresinde dola\u015fan gezegenlerden biri oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayan Sisaml\u0131 Aristarkhos’un eserleri ve az bir hata pay\u0131 ile Yerk\u00fcre’nin \u00e7evresini hesaplam\u0131\u015f olan Eratosthenes’in eserleri de \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nin bilgi hazinesinden baz\u0131lar\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneye ba\u011fl\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, ekip halinde bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma inceleme projeleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu. Bu bilim ekipleri, ekinokslar\u0131n presesyonu ve ayr\u0131ca med-cezir hareketlerinin ritmine Ay’\u0131n sebep oldu\u011funu biliyorlard\u0131. D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 \u00e7izme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da ileri seviyede haritalar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kaynaktan beslenen Helen ve Roma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Atina, Roma, Assos ve Olimpos gibi \u015fehirler kurarak y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l bilim, felsefe ve sanatta ileri bir seviyeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130skenderiye ezoterik ve mistik bilgiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da zengindi: Kadim M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Horus dinin \u00f6\u011fretileri ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cTanr\u0131, evren, insan\u201d ile ilgili temel inan\u00e7lar\u0131, Thot rahipleri taraf\u0131ndan \u0130talya, Yunanistan ve Anadolu\u2019dan gelen \u00f6\u011frencilerin daha iyi anlayabilmesi i\u00e7in Yunanca yaz\u0131larak kitap haline getirilmi\u015fti. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n bilgelik tanr\u0131sal\u0131 Thot\u2019un Yunan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcndeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Yunan tanr\u0131sal\u0131 Hermes ad\u0131na atfedilen bu \u00f6\u011fretiler, b\u00fct\u00fcn dinleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri etkileyerek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yahudilerin peygamber \u201cUhnuh\u201d olarak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u201c\u0130dris\u201d peygamber, S\u00fcryani ve Zerd\u00fc\u015flerin nur mele\u011fi \u201cH\u00fcrm\u00fcz\u201d olarak bildi\u011fi Hermes motifi b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetlerde \u00fc\u00e7 ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir: Birincisi her k\u00fclt\u00fcrde hep t\u00fbfanla beraber an\u0131l\u0131r; ikincisi b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde se\u00e7kin, bilgili, neb\u00ee veya vel\u00ee bir ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6sterilir; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ve en \u00f6nemlisi b\u00fct\u00fcn geleneklerde onun y\u00fcce bir makama (sem\u00e2ya) \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u0130skenderiye’nin alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz, H\u0131ristiyan “Kutsal” Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun do\u011fu\u015fuyla M.S. 5. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda sona erdi. Eskilerin kapsaml\u0131 d\u00fcnya bilgileri ve geli\u015fmi\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ra\u011fmen, H\u0131ristiyanlar onlar\u0131, asl\u0131nda “k\u0131rsal kesimde oturanlar” anlam\u0131na gelen “Pagan” damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurarak yok sayd\u0131lar. M.S. 415 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130skenderiye k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan son b\u00fcy\u00fck bilgin ve Pagan filozoflardan biri olan Hypatia ad\u0131ndaki bir kad\u0131n, bir Hristiyanlar g\u00fcruhu taraf\u0131ndan yakalanarak etleri deniz tara\u011f\u0131 kabuklar\u0131yla par\u00e7alanmak suretiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve bedeninden geriye ne kald\u0131ysa yak\u0131ld\u0131. Bu hareketin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Patrik Kyrillos daha sonra St. Kyrillos ad\u0131yla aziz mertebesine y\u00fckseltildi. B\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fct\u00fcphane Pagan bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi gerek\u00e7esiyle sonunda yak\u0131l\u0131p yok edildi ve bir servet de\u011ferindeki bilimsel eserler d\u00f6rt bir yana da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. H\u0131ristiyan Roma \u0130mparatoru Theodosi-us, imparatorluk i\u00e7indeki Pagan mabetlerini kapatt\u0131rd\u0131 ve o zamana kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik kitap yakma olay\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131l, ad\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011flar diye bilinen bin y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti.[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0 Timothy Freke & Peter Gandy, \u00e7. Semra Tuna \u201cHermetika, Hermes\u2019in Kay\u0131p S\u00f6zleri\u201d s.5<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Mahmut Erol K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, \u201cHermes\u201d TDV \u0130slam Ans. mad.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0 Timothy Freke & Peter Gandy, \u00e7. Semra Tuna \u201cHermetika, Hermes\u2019in Kay\u0131p S\u00f6zleri\u201d s.6<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fehirleri Memfis, Thebes, Abydos D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en ileri \u015fehirleri olmu\u015ftu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3000 y\u0131l boyunca D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n medeniyet merkezi olan M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fehirleri, M.\u00d6. 5. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da etkisiyle istilac\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 kendisini koruyamaz olmu\u015ftu. Asur ve Pers istilas\u0131ndan sonra B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender, Yunanistan, Anadolu, Mezopotamya, \u0130ran, Hindistan ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 elege\u00e7irerek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":643,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[579,1057,1055,228,1049,1157,1148,1056,1169,1092,1153,1177,1152,1051,1145,1048,1163,1143,1059,85,1164,1160,116,1149,1154,1155,12,1166,138,137,1151,1174,93,1103,1069,1075,1128,1165,385,86,14,20,1078,1077,1093,1144,1173,1076,1060,1046,1161,571,140,1025,1147,1170,486,1158,1175,1050,1150,136,1094,261,1156,1159,1172,1176,1047,13,1168,1167,1171,139,1162,1146,124],"class_list":["post-257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hermetik-ogretinin-fisiltisi","tag-abydos","tag-aristarkhos","tag-arsimed","tag-assos","tag-asur","tag-atina","tag-babilliler","tag-batlamyus","tag-bilgili","tag-bilim","tag-bilimsel-arastirma","tag-bilimsel-eserler","tag-budistler","tag-buyuk-iskender","tag-cosmopolis","tag-demir-cagi","tag-din","tag-dunya-medeniyet-merkezi","tag-ekinoks","tag-eratosthenes","tag-evren","tag-ezoterik-bilgiler","tag-felsefe","tag-fenikeliler","tag-harita","tag-helen-kulturu","tag-hermes","tag-hermes-motifi","tag-hermes-ogretisi","tag-hermetika","tag-hindular","tag-hiristiyanlik","tag-horus","tag-hristiyan-roma-imparatorlugu","tag-hurmuz","tag-hypatia","tag-idris","tag-insan","tag-iskenderiye","tag-iskenderiye-kutuphanesi","tag-kadim-ogreti","tag-kadim-tapinaklar","tag-karanlik-caglar","tag-kitap-yakma","tag-kultur","tag-kultur-merkezi","tag-kutsal-roma-imparatorlugu","tag-kyrillos","tag-med-cezir","tag-memfis","tag-mistik-bilgiler","tag-misir","tag-misir-medeniyeti","tag-misirlilar","tag-museviler","tag-nebi","tag-oklid","tag-olimpos","tag-pagan","tag-pers","tag-persliler","tag-pisagor","tag-ptolemaios","tag-roma","tag-roma-kulturu","tag-sanatta-ilerleme","tag-semaya-yukselme","tag-st-kyrillos","tag-thebes","tag-thot","tag-tufan","tag-uhnuh","tag-veli","tag-yunan-medeniyeti","tag-yunan-tanrisi","tag-yunanlilar","tag-zumrut-tabletler"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/iskenderiye-k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi2.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leyhatlari.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}